The scale of "factory farming" makes individual welfare difficult to monitor. Issues like gestation crates for pigs and battery cages for hens are major flashpoints.
The modern framework for animal welfare is built on the , originally developed in the UK in the 1960s. These serve as a checklist for anyone responsible for animals:
While many life-saving medicines were developed via animal testing, the movement pushes for the "3 Rs": Replacement (using non-animal models), Reduction (using fewer animals), and Refinement (minimizing pain). The scale of "factory farming" makes individual welfare
Sufficient space and proper facilities.
Providing an appropriate environment, including shelter. These serve as a checklist for anyone responsible
This view argues that "better" cages aren't the answer—getting rid of the cages is. Abolitionists believe the "property" status of animals must be abolished entirely.
is based on the principle of "humane use." It accepts that humans use animals for food, research, and companionship but insists that this use must be governed by standards that minimize pain and suffering. It focuses on the physical and mental well-being of the animal. This view argues that "better" cages aren't the
Ensuring conditions that avoid mental suffering. The Ethical Spectrum The debate usually falls into three major camps:
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