A Clear Title: Summarize the bug and the impacted asset.Severity Rating: Use CVSS scores to explain why the bug matters.Detailed Steps to Reproduce: Use numbered lists. If a triager cannot replicate the bug, it cannot be validated for payment.Impact Statement: Explain the potential consequences of the vulnerability (e.g., "The flaw allows for the unauthorized access of administrative session tokens").Remediation: Suggest how the development team can fix the underlying code or configuration. Ethical Guidelines and Staying Legal
While there are hundreds of bug types, mastering these three will yield the most consistent results for beginners:
Subdomain Enumeration: Use tools like Subfinder, Amass, and Assetfinder to map out a company's external footprint.Port Scanning: Identify open services using Nmap or Naabu.Directory Brute Forcing: Use ffuf or Dirsearch to find hidden files, admin panels, and backup directories.Fingerprinting: Identify the tech stack (languages, frameworks, servers) using Wappalyzer or BuiltWith. The "Big Three" Vulnerabilities to Target bug bounty masterclass tutorial
Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR): This happens when an application provides direct access to objects based on user-supplied input. If changing a "user_id" in a URL lets you see someone else's profile, you've found an IDOR.
Reconnaissance (recon) is 80% of the work. If you find an asset that no one else has tested, your chances of finding a bug skyrocket. Your recon workflow should include: A Clear Title: Summarize the bug and the impacted asset
SQL Injection (SQLi): Manipulating database queries through user input. While modern frameworks prevent much of this, legacy systems and complex search functions are still often vulnerable. Mastering the Tool of the Trade: Burp Suite
It is imperative to never perform testing outside the "Scope" defined in a program's policy. The scope specifies exactly which domains and IP addresses are authorized for testing. Accessing data without authorization or disrupting services (such as through DoS attacks) can lead to severe legal consequences. Adhering to "Responsible Disclosure" ensures that companies have time to fix vulnerabilities before any public discussion occurs. The Path Forward The "Big Three" Vulnerabilities to Target Insecure Direct
Networking: Understand the OSI model, DNS, and how data travels across the wire.Web Technologies: Master HTML, JavaScript, and CSS. You must understand how browsers interact with servers.HTTP Protocol: Learn headers, status codes, and methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) inside and out.Command Line Proficiency: You will spend most of your time in a terminal. Learn Linux basics and how to pipe tools together.Scripting: Knowing Python, Bash, or Go allows you to automate repetitive tasks and create custom exploits. Setting Up Your Reconnaissance Engine